ORM = Off Road Modification (so called because it is not legal on the highway). It involves unplugging the MAF (Mass Air Flow) sensor to disable the EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) valve. Very simple to do, but it does leave the CEL (Check Engine Light) on at all times.
SEGR = Synthetic EGR. This is an electronic circuit that fools the engine computer (ECU) into thinking the EGR is connected and working, when it is in fact disabled.
EHM = Elephant Hose Mod (so called because the hose can resemble and Elephants trunk). It involves venting the crankcase to atmosphere rather than to the suction side of the turbo.
FCV = Flow Control Valve. This is the term used in the service manual to describe the motorized butterfly valve in the intake tract. Its purpose is to choke the engine on shutdown so it stops smoothly and to create a pressure differential in the intake tract which will help the EGR valve do its thing.
GDE = Green Diesel Engineering. They provide ECU tuning services to enhance performance of our CRD (Common Rail Diesel).
These are some of the most common TLA (Three Letter Acronyms) that you will find here.

Feel free to ask about others.