I wouldn't think that an externally sticky throttle pedal (as in sticking at the pedal pivot) would cause the throttle light to trip. Admittedly I know nothing of the programming at the self check system, but I would assume that it can only be triggered by say, a sudden position change in the sensed throttle position (no matter how fast you "stomp on it", it will always ramp toward a position, assuming a fast cycle frequency), or an internal fault detected in the throttle actuator/stepper motor. My WAG for your issue would be the latter. Assuming the throttle actuator is a closed loop system, it would constantly compare actual throttle position against commanded position. If there were a discrepancy detected, it would trigger the light (assuming such a system exists

).
Regardless, this is a serious situation and shouldn't be taken lightly (and it seems that you aren't). It's one thing to unintentionally accelerate into a car, it is a completely different scenario to accelerate into a pedestrian or cyclist.
By the way, congratulations on achieving 227k miles. That is the highest CRD mileage I've ever heard of. I wonder if the other owners can add "throttle system malfunction" to the already long list of expected major repairs to these vehicles...
EDIT: Was the repair shop a dealer? If not, this is something you would want the dealer to check out. Page 8J-20 of the FSM states that "If the PCM sends a lamp-on message
after the bulb test, it indicates that the PCM has
detected an ETC system malfunction and/or that the
ETC system is inoperative. The PCM will store a
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) for any malfunction it
detects."