White smoke on a diesel indicates a high level of fuel return from the injectors. If I understand correctly, you are in Germany? These are Bosch Common Rail injectors, so getting them tested at an authorized Bosch diesel service center (I'm guessing here) should not be too big a problem.

Are you going to work on the CRD yourself? A shop familar with diesels should be able to help you if not. Hope this helps.

I can only assume that your EGR valve is not disabled because you said the MAP is filthy, and that wouldn't happen if you had no EGR.

Most likely, the popping you are hearing at startup is a bit of air trapped in your fuel lines. Several people have posted how to bleed the fuel lines, as well as using clear plastic tubing to check for bubbles. Do some searching.

If you haven't upgraded to a 2nd generation fuel head you're probably going to have to.

At 102k miles your primary concern should be that timing belt. If you have run 102k miles and haven't done an EGR Delete, then your secondary concern should be replacing the rockers and lifters, they are no doubt shot or close enough that it's just a matter of time now.

This might be a good time to sell, unless you are comfortable doing the work yourself or don't like having money.

You may want to ask GDE what EGR you have. I would think the % of EGR is much less in Germany. Changing the timing belt is a must. How is your glow plugs working? What type of Diesel fuel do you have there? Any differant fuel used lately? Clean air filter? What type of oil do you use there? Is the engine using oil? Check for anti-freeze in your oil? Anti-freeze level good?
Sorry for all the questions, but things may be much differant there.
For sure get GDE tune, it's the best thing you can do for your engine.

Good luck.

IMO sounds good and the smoke is normal. It should stop smoking that bad when the engine warms a bit. Some white smoke when engine is cold is normal due to the fact the burning temperatures aren't optimal yet, diesel is an oily fuel (white smoke is because of that partially burned oil - oil burning temps are higher than fuel's) and the whole air-diesel mix is not burned as it should with engine so cold. If you say your coolant and oil level is unchanged, I wouldn't worry about it.

Also, the American market injectors are a little different than the ones in European markets. This is per fsm. The injector's electrical connector for Europe is at 90 degree, ours is at a different angle - close to 45-ish, they say to avoid confusion because of different fuels. Don't know if that may also be a cause for you because you use European fuel. But, I'm 100% sure running w maf unplugged is a good thing since egr won't know when to open since there is no way for it to know when you are cruising (egr may open when engine is warm) or are in full throttle (when egr doesn't open). So just ignore the mechanics, they are thought from school to leave everything as the manufacturer designed. Also, European diesels don't have the issues we have here, they have high quality fuels and oils that we don't (plus I think the pollution regulations are not so draconian as here, thus less egr soot for them), so it's not easily to comprehend for a European why we do all those mods to help with longevity of our engines when they have no similar issues.

P.S. thanks for your service man, you guys are always in our hearts and thoughts. Be safe!

Just watched your video. Looks and sounds just like mine on cold starts when it's been outside for a few hours or more at work, maybe even a little better than when I start mine when it's closer to zero F. My jeep lives in a heated 50 degree garage at night, and when I start it and back it out in the morning it still pumps some white smoke if I happen to let it idle in the driveway for a few minutes before the engine warms up.