X2 on turbo>intercooler>engine hoses with the addition of neither of those hoses can be check on the engine. They both have to be removed and the mesh cover pulled off and then carefully inspected particularly on the bottom (problems range from small holes to obvious rips). As for the airbox to turbo hose it would not provide this sypmptom but again the typical tear is very hard to see on the vehicle as it's right next to the clamp at the turbo.
Plastic thing is not EGR. EGR is low down on drivers side of engine block and barely visible looking past the fuel filter. If you took the plastic engine cover off and pulled a plastic thing that looks like a hockey puck with a hose off of it that's the CCV valve and the hose is what dumps oil into the system just upstream of the turbo and causes the hose rot.
Probably not related given the whoosh but fyi see
viewtopic.php?f=5&t=61240 for another cause of a P0299 code.