There have been some studies showing a small increase in MPG in carburetted gasoline vehicles which was attributed to finer atomization of the fuel droplets as a result of the reduced surface tension achieved with the acetone. The results however don't carry over to modern fuel injected systems and should be filed along with mothballs in the gas tank. Acetone is very useful in fuel blending applications. About 50 ml per liter of acetone has a profound effect on vegetable oil viscosity. It works similarly on WMO. Some sources say that it lowers the cetane index, while others say that it raises it. I would tend to think that it lowers it based on it's Autoignition temp of 465 °C, but Auto ignition temps and Cetane index numbers don't always have any correlation in the combustion chamber.
If you are adding Acetone to improve diesel MPG, PLEASE add some kind of lubricity enhancer like two stroke oil. Anything that reduces the viscosity of your fuel is NOT good for the injection pump. Acetone has about the same cost per gallon as Power Service additive.
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